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Four-way, integrated, diesel emission control systems that combine selective catalytic reduction for NOx control with a continuously regenerating trap to remove diesel particulate matter were evaluated under real-world, on-road conditions. Tests were conducted using a semi-tractor with an emissions year 2000, 6-cylinder, 12 L, Volvo engine rated at 287 kW at 1800 rpm and 1964 N-m. The emission control system was certified for retrofit application on-highway trucks, model years 1994 through 2002, with 4-stroke, 186-373 kW (250-500 hp) heavy-duty diesel engines without exhaust gas recirculation. The evaluations were unique because the mobile laboratory platform enabled evaluation under real-world exhaust plume dilution conditions as opposed to laboratory dilution conditions. Real-time plume measurements for NOx, particle number concentration and size distribution were made and emission control performance was evaluated on-road.

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts will be used to reduce oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions from internal combustion engines in a number of applications [1,2,3,4]. Southwest Research Institute® (SwRI)® performed an Internal Research & Development project to study SCR catalyst thermal deactivation. The study included a V/W/TiO2 formulation, a Cu-zeolite formulation and an Fe-zeolite formulation. This work describes NOx timed response to ammonia (NH3) transients as a function of thermal aging time and temperature. It has been proposed that the response time of NOx emissions to NH3 transients, effected by changes in diesel emissions fluid (DEF) injection rate, could be used as an on-board diagnostic (OBD) metric. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and practicality of this OBD approach.

In this project funded by the Bayerische Forschungsstiftung two fundamental investigations had been carried out: first a new N-rich liquid ammonia precursor solution based on guanidine salts had been completely characterized and secondly a new type of side-flow reactor for the controlled catalytic decomposition of aqueous NH3 precursor to ammonia gas has been designed, applied and tested in a 3 liter passenger car diesel engine. Guanidine salts came into the focus due to the fact of a high nitrogen-content derivate of urea (figure 1). Specially guanidinium formate has shown extraordinary solubility in water (more than 6 kg per 1 liter water at room temperature) and therefore a possible high ammonia potential per liter solution compared to the classical 32.5% aqueous urea solution (AUS32) standardized in ISO 22241 and known as DEF (diesel emission fluid), ARLA32 or AdBlue®. Additionally a guanidine based formulation could be realized with high freezing stability down to almost ?30 °C (?

This technical paper collection contains 33 papers that focus on modeling of SI and diesel engines.

This technical paper collection contains 7 papers focusing on the impact of conventional alternative fuels as well as fuel additives on the operation, performance, and emissions of SI engines. Papers cover the impact bio-derived fuels (ethanol, butanol and others) have on engine design and performance. Gasoline properties, additives and their impact on engine performance and deposits is also covered.

The 18 papers in this technical paper collection cover direct injection SI engine technology. Topics include: GDi multi-hole injector internal flow and spray analysis; European lean gasoline direct injection vehicle benchmark; measures to reduce particulate emissions of gasoline direct injection engines; high frequency ignition system for gasoline direct injection engines; and more.

The 10 papers in this technical paper collection discuss high efficiency IC engines. Topics include: fuel reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion in light- and heavy-duty engines; fuel effects on reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion at low load; advantages of variable compression ratio in internal combustion engines; piston and valve deactivation for improved part load performances of internal combustion engines; and more.

The 19 papers in this technical paper collection detail new CI and SI engines and components. Topics include: development of a timing chain drive model for a high speed gasoline engine; optical piston temperature in an internal combustion engine; high efficiency internal combustion stirling engine development; a filtration system for high-pressure loop EGR; a high performance, continuously variable engine intake manifold; and more.

This technical paper collection contains 12 papers on new powertrains published from the 2011 Powertrain Fuels and Lubricants Conference.

The 13 papers in this technical paper collection discuss SI combustion. Topics covered include studies of mixture formation, ignition, knock, engine efficiency, flame propagation, alternative fuels and emissions formation, and more. The 13 papers in this technical paper collection discuss SI combustion. Topics covered include studies of mixture formation, ignition, knock, engine efficiency, flame propagation, alternative fuels and emissions formation, and more.

The 13 papers in this technical paper collection focus on direct injection SI Engine technology. Topics covered include in-cylinder fuel injection and spray studies, flow/spray interaction and in-cylinder mixture formation studies,DI-specific emissions, technologies enabled by DISI, and more. The 13 papers in this technical paper collection focus on direct injection SI Engine technology. Topics covered include in-cylinder fuel injection and spray studies, flow/spray interaction and in-cylinder mixture formation studies,DI-specific emissions, technologies enabled by DISI, and more.

The 14 papers in this technical paper collection discuss high efficiency IC engines. Topics covered include engine downsizing, pressure boosting and turbocharging, intelligent combustion, low temperature and stratified charge, advanced fuel injection technologies, and more. The 15 papers in this technical paper collection discuss high efficiency IC engines. Topics covered include engine downsizing, pressure boosting and turbocharging, intelligent combustion, low temperature and stratified charge, advanced fuel injection technologies, and more.

The 48 papers in this technical paper collection focus on exhaust emission control. Topics covered include the durability of particulate filters and exhaust catalysts, analysis of aged catalysts and filters, PF technologies, testing protocols, SCR technology, thermal stress resistance, and more. The 48 papers in this technical paper collection focus on exhaust emission control. Topics covered include the durability of particulate filters and exhaust catalysts, analysis of aged catalysts and filters, PF technologies, testing protocols, SCR technology, thermal stress resistance, and more. The 48 papers in this technical paper collection focus on exhaust emission control. Topics covered include the durability of particulate filters and exhaust catalysts, analysis of aged catalysts and filters, PF technologies, testing protocols, SCR technology, thermal stress resistance, and more.

The 25 papers in this technical paper collection focus on fuel injection and sprays. Topics covered include spray characterization, cavitation, multi-phase jet modeling, CFD models for spray processes, wall films and impingement, hydraulic circuit analysis, dissolved gas effects, and more. The 25 papers in this technical paper collection focus on fuel injection and sprays. Topics covered include spray characterization, cavitation, multi-phase jet modeling, CFD models for spray processes, wall films and impingement, hydraulic circuit analysis, dissolved gas effects, and more.

The 10 papers in this technical paper collection cover emissions measuring techniques and testing regimes including new analysis techniques and novel application of existing techniques and the comparison of existing and proposed testing regimes with real world experience.

The 13 technical papers in collection present work investigating the effect of fuel composition on CI engine performance in terms of combustion efficiency, emissions and engine hardware durability. Variations in fuel composition include: the inclusion of aromatic compounds, the blending of oxygenated components and the use of additives for cetane number improvement and lubricity enhancement.

The 16 papers in this technical paper collection cover diesel engine exhaust aftertreatment system models as well as the validation and application. Technologies covered include DOC, HC trap, DFP, LNT, SCR, ammonia oxidation catalysts, hybrid or combined catalysts, urea-water solution spray dynamics, and mixture non-uniformity.

The 8 technical papers in this collection feature CI combustion technologies distinguished by 1) mixing processes that influence combustion; and 2) combustion phasing closely coupled to the timing of fuel injection. This includes the impact of the fuel injection and jet-mixing processes; impact of swirl/spray targeting on mixing processes; combustion chamber/engine geometry optimization; sources of combustion inefficiency; and the impact of operating conditions.

The 16 papers in this technical paper collection covers particle emissions from combustion engines including measurement and testing methods, effects of changes in fuel composition, environmental and health effects of elemental carbon and organic carbon that constitutes solid cored particles plus the environmental and health effects of secondary organic aerosol emissions.

The 9 technical papers in this technical paper collection cover topics regarding new CI and SI engines and components. This includes analytical, experimental, and computational studies covering hardware development as well as design and analysis techniques.